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Exercises: Ideals , Extensions & Vector Spaces

Exercise

Let us start with exercises that bridges the concepts of ideals , simple extension fields, and introduces vector spaces. Exercise 1: OK , Exercise 2: OK , Exercise 3: OK

Exercise 4:The Extension `QQ(root(3)(2))`:
Let us consider the field extension `QQ(root(3)(2))` where `root(3)(2)` is the real cube of 2.
Part 1: The Basis:
Question 1: What is the set of all elements in `QQ(root(3)(2))`?
Solution question 1: We must find an irreducible polynomial over `QQ` , where `bb {alpha = root(3)(2)}` is a root.
`alpha^3 = (root(3)(2))^3 = 2 rArr alpha^3 - 2 = 0 rArr bb {p(x) = x^3 - 2}`. p(x) is irreducible over `QQ` , which can be confirmed by the Eisenstein Criterion. Therefore `I = langle x^3 - 2 rangle` is a maximal ideal in `QQ[x]`. So , `K = QQ[x] "/" I` is a field. The elements there are residues mod (`x^3 - 2`). It is a bit more complicated than in `QQ(sqrt 2)`. A polynomial of degree 3 will have a zero residue and is equivalent to the zero element in K , isomorphic to `QQ(root(3)(2))`. If the polynomial is of degree 5 , the residue will be of degree most 2. Polynomials of degree 6 are again in the residue class 0. So , the set of the elements in `QQ(root(3)(2))` is of the form of elements from K: `bb {{ax^2 + bx + c   :  a , b , c in QQ}}`.

Now let us connect the elements of this quotient ring K to the elements of the field `QQ(root(3)(2))`. The isomorphism between the two fields work by mapping the variable x to the element `root(3)(2)`. So, a polynomial `ax^2 + bx + c` in the quotient ring K corresponds to the element `a(root(3)(2))^2 + b(root(3)(2)) + c` in the field `QQ(root(3)(2))`. Since `(root(3)(2))^2 = (2^{1/3})^2 = 2^{2/3} = root(3)(2^2) = root(3)(4)` , we can write this more clearly. The set of all elements in `bb{QQ(root(3)(2))}` is the set of all expressions of the form:
                                  `color(blue){a + b root(3)(2) + c root(3)(2)}`      where `a , b , c in QQ`.

Question

Consider the field extension `L = QQ(root(3)(2))` a vector space over `QQ`. The potensial basis set is `B = { 1 , root (3)(2) , root(3)(4)}`. To prove B is a basis , we must show the set is linearly independent over `QQ`. This requires showing that the equation `a * 1 + b * root(3)(2) + c * root(3)(4) = 0` , where `a , b , c in QQ` , can only be solved if a = b = c = 0.
Which of the following is the key algebraic property used to prove that the set B is linearly independent over `QQ`:

A) The polynomial `x^3 - 2` is irreducible over the field of rational numbers `QQ`.

B) The field `QQ(root (3)(2))` is a subfield over the real numbers `RR` ?